The Essential Guide to Wetsuits: Functionality, Fit, and Features

Wetsuits are indispensable gear for anyone venturing into cold or temperate waters for activities like surfing, diving, kayaking, or open-water swimming. These versatile garments provide insulation, protection, and buoyancy, making water sports safer and more enjoyable. But what makes wetsuits so effective, and how do you choose the right one for your needs? Let’s dive into the world of wetsuits and explore their functionality, types, and care.

A wetsuit is a garment worn to provide thermal protection while wet. It is usually made of foamed neoprene, and is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports and other activities in or on water. A wetsuit protects you from the cold water and keeps your body heat in. Other rough materials now also don't chafe your skin.

The foamed neoprene, as the most important segment of the wetsuit, contains bubbles of gas enclosed in the material which trap warm air and keeping constant control of the temperature. These bubbles also give you the chance to float higher in water, hence the higher buoyancy, which makes you swim faster and move easier in general.

While there are many different constructions and designs for a wetsuit, their baseline is providing insulation against cold water temperatures while keeping the heat inside so that you do not go into hypothermia.

What Is a Wetsuit?

A wetsuit is a form-fitting garment made of neoprene, a type of synthetic rubber, designed to keep you warm in cold water. Wetsuits work by trapping a thin layer of water between the suit and your skin. Your body heat warms this water, creating an insulating barrier that prevents excessive heat loss.

Wetsuits also offer:

• Buoyancy: Neoprene's lightweight and flexible material helps keep you afloat.
• Protection: They shield against sunburn, abrasions, jellyfish stings, and cold winds.
• Flexibility: Modern wetsuits are designed to allow freedom of movement, making them suitable for various water sports.

How Wetsuits Work

The insulating properties of wetsuits rely on two key principles:

1. Thermal Insulation: Neoprene contains tiny nitrogen gas bubbles that reduce heat conduction, keeping your body warm even in chilly water.
2. Water Layer: Once the suit fills with water, it holds this layer against your skin. Your body heat warms the water, creating a protective barrier.

It’s important to note that wetsuits are not waterproof. They allow water in but keep the wearer warm by reducing heat exchange.

Types of Wetsuits

There are several types of wetsuits, each tailored for specific activities and water conditions:

1. Full Wetsuits (Steamer): Cover the entire body, including arms and legs, and are ideal for colder waters.
2. Spring Suits: Have short arms and legs, providing insulation while allowing greater flexibility for warm-weather activities.
3. Short Johns and Long Johns: Sleeveless suits with either short or long legs, offering mobility for sports like kayaking or triathlons.
4. Rash Guards: Lightweight tops that provide sun protection and prevent chafing, often worn under wetsuits.
5. Farmer Johns/Janes: Sleeveless full suits often paired with jackets, popular among divers and paddleboarders.
6. Wetsuit Tops: Cover only the upper body and are used in warm waters for added protection.

Wetsuit Thickness and Temperature Guide

Wetsuits come in varying thicknesses, typically measured in millimeters, such as 3/2 or 5/4/3. The first number refers to the thickness of the neoprene around the torso (for warmth), and the second (and third) refers to the thickness in the arms and legs (for flexibility).

• 1-2mm: Warm water (70°F and above); lightweight protection.
• 3/2mm: Moderate water (60°F to 70°F); general-purpose use.
• 4/3mm: Cooler water (50°F to 60°F); suitable for spring and fall conditions.
• 5/4/3mm or Thicker: Cold water (40°F to 50°F); often paired with hoods, gloves, and boots for added warmth.

Features to Look For in a Wetsuit

When choosing a wetsuit, consider the following features:

1. Fit: A wetsuit should fit snugly without restricting movement. An ill-fitting suit can allow excess water in, reducing insulation.
2. Seams:
   • Flatlock: Found in warm-water suits, these seams are breathable but less watertight.
   • Glued and Blind-Stitched (GBS): Watertight seams for colder waters.
   • Sealed and Taped: Fully waterproof seams for extreme conditions.
3. Zipper Style:
   • Back Zip: Easy to put on but may allow more water entry.
   • Chest Zip: Offers a tighter seal and better flexibility but is harder to wear.
   • Zipperless: Lightweight and flexible, ideal for warm conditions.
4. Lining: Some wetsuits feature thermal linings for added warmth and quick drying.
5. Durability: Reinforced knee pads and high-quality neoprene ensure longevity.

Activities That Use Wetsuits

Wetsuits are essential for various water sports and activities:

1. Surfing: Provides insulation and protection against the elements during long sessions in cold water.
2. Scuba Diving and Snorkeling: Offers thermal protection and defense against coral scrapes and marine life.
3. Triathlons: Enhances buoyancy and reduces drag for competitive swimming.
4. Paddleboarding: Keeps paddlers warm while ensuring flexibility for paddling movements.
5. Kayaking and Canoeing: Protects against cold water splashes and chilly air.
6. Open-Water Swimming: Helps swimmers stay warm and safe in lakes and oceans.

Caring for Your Wetsuit

Proper care can extend the life of your wetsuit:

1. Rinse After Use: Wash your wetsuit in fresh water after each use to remove salt, sand, and chlorine.
2. Hang to Dry: Dry your wetsuit inside out on a wide hanger in a shaded area to prevent cracking and fading.
3. Avoid Heat: Do not use dryers or leave your wetsuit in direct sunlight, as excessive heat damages neoprene.
4. Use Wetsuit Cleaner: Occasionally clean your wetsuit with a specialized cleaner to prevent odors and maintain elasticity.
5. Store Properly: Hang or lay flat to avoid creases and stretching.

Wetsuits and Sustainability

Many manufacturers are moving toward eco-friendly materials and production processes. Alternatives to traditional neoprene, like Yulex (a plant-based rubber), are gaining popularity, offering the same performance with a smaller environmental footprint. Look for brands that prioritize sustainability if you want to reduce your impact.

Conclusion

Wetsuits are a must-have for anyone venturing into the water, providing insulation, flexibility, and protection. Whether you’re surfing epic waves, diving into the deep, or paddling along a serene river, the right wetsuit can enhance your experience and keep you safe. By understanding the features, types, and care of wetsuits, you can make an informed choice and enjoy countless adventures on the water.